Python Tkinter Menu Widget

Hello dear readers! welcome back to another section of our tutorial on Python. In this tutorial post, we are going to be discussing about the Python Tkinter Menu Widget.

The Tkinter Menu widget allows us to create all kinds of menus that can be used by our application. This core functionality provides ways to create three menu types: pull-down, pop-up and toplevel.

It is also very possible to use other extended widgets to implement new types of menus, such as the OptionMenu, which implements a special type that generates a pop-up list of items within a selection.

Syntax

The following below is the syntax for create this widget -

w = Menu ( master, option=value, ... )

Parameter Details

• master - This represents the parent window.

• options - Following below is the list of commonly used options for this widget. These options can be used as key-value pairs that are separated by commas.

RECOMMENDED: Python Tkinter Menubutton Widget

Sr.No.	Description
1	activebackground The background color that will appear on a choice when it is under the mouse.
2	activeborderwidth Specifies the width of a border drawn around a choice when it is under the mouse. Default is 1 pixel.
3	activeforeground The foreground color that will appear on a choice when it is under the mouse.
4	bg The background color for choices not under the mouse.
5	bd The width of the border around all the choices. Default is 1.
6	cursor The cursor that appears when the mouse is over the choices, but only when the menu has been torn off.
7	disabledforeground The color of the text for items whose state is DISABLED.
8	font The default font for textual choices.
9	fg The foreground color used for choices not under the mouse.
10	postcommand You can set this option to a procedure, and that procedure will be called every time someone brings up this menu.
11	relief The default 3-D effect for menus is relief=RAISED.
12	image To display an image on this menubutton.
13	selectcolor Specifies the color displayed in checkbuttons and radiobuttons when they are selected.
14	tearoff Normally, a menu can be torn off, the first position (position 0) in the list of choices is occupied by the tear-off element, and the additional choices are added starting at position 1. If you set tearoff=0, the menu will not have a tear-off feature, and choices will be added starting at position 0.
15	title Normally, the title of a tear-off menu window will be the same as the text of the menubutton or cascade that lead to this menu. If you want to change the title of that window, set the title option to that string.

RECOMMENDED: Python Tkinter Label Widget

Methods

Following are the list of commonly used methods for this widget -

Sr.No.	Option & Description
1	add_command (options) Adds a menu item to the menu.
2	add_radiobutton( options ) Creates a radio button menu item.
3	add_checkbutton( options ) Creates a check button menu item.
4	add_cascade(options) Creates a new hierarchical menu by associating a given menu to a parent menu
5	add_separator() Adds a separator line to the menu.
6	add( type, options ) Adds a specific type of menu item to the menu.
7	delete( startindex [, endindex ]) Deletes the menu items ranging from startindex to endindex.
8	entryconfig( index, options ) Allows you to modify a menu item, which is identified by the index, and change its options.
9	index(item) Returns the index number of the given menu item label.
10	insert_separator ( index ) Insert a new separator at the position specified by index.
11	invoke ( index ) Calls the command callback associated with the choice at position index. If a checkbutton, its state is toggled between set and cleared; if a radiobutton, that choice is set.
12	type ( index ) Returns the type of the choice specified by index: either "cascade", "checkbutton", "command", "radiobutton", "separator", or "tearoff".

Example

Following is a simple example -

from Tkinter import *

def donothing():
   filewin = Toplevel(root)
   button = Button(filewin, text="Do nothing button")
   button.pack()
   
root = Tk()
menubar = Menu(root)
filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="New", command=donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label="Open", command=donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label="Save", command=donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label="Save as...", command=donothing)
filemenu.add_command(label="Close", command=donothing)

filemenu.add_separator()

filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
editmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
editmenu.add_command(label="Undo", command=donothing)

editmenu.add_separator()

editmenu.add_command(label="Cut", command=donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label="Copy", command=donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label="Paste", command=donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label="Delete", command=donothing)
editmenu.add_command(label="Select All", command=donothing)

menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)
helpmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
helpmenu.add_command(label="Help Index", command=donothing)
helpmenu.add_command(label="About...", command=donothing)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)

root.config(menu=menubar)
root.mainloop()

Output

When the above code is executed, it will produce the following result -

RECOMMENDED: Python Tkinter Canvas Widget

Alright guys! This is where we are rounding up for this tutorial post. In our next tutorial, we are going to be discussing about the Python Tkinter Message Widget.

Feel free to ask your questions where necessary and i will attend to them as soon as possible. If this tutorial was helpful to you, you can use the share button to share this tutorial.

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